Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Siv Tshuaj Reagents

1. Flammable thiab explosive chemical reagents

Feem ntau, cov tshuaj reagents nrog lub teeb nyem hauv qab 25 ° C tau teev npe raws li cov tshuaj tua hluav taws kub. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov kua dej tsis haum thiab tuaj yeem hlawv thaum raug hluav taws kub. Qhov qis dua qhov flash point, qhov yooj yim dua nws yog hlawv. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv qab -4 ° C suav nrog roj av, ethyl chloride, ethane condensate, ether, roj av, carbon dioxide, propane, benzene, ethyl acetate, thiab methyl acetate.

Tsis txhob siv cov nplaim taws qhib thaum siv Ene tshuaj reagents. Nws tsis tuaj yeem raug cua sov ncaj qha nrog lub tshuab cua sov. Feem ntau, nws tsis yog cua sov hauv chav da dej. Xws li cov tshuaj reagents yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias thiab qhov cua zoo. Rau cov xwm txheej uas kub hnyiab tau tag nrho cov chaw kuaj mob, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj ntau cov tshuaj reagents yog siv, qhov cua zoo yuav tsum tau khaws cia ib zaug, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawg yuav tsum tau siv, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov nplaim taws qhib rau ntawm qhov chaw.

Flammable reagents kuj tuaj yeem tawg thaum kub hnyiab. Qee cov tshuaj reagents xws li nitrocellulose, picric acid, trinitrotoluene, trinitrobenzene, azide los yog overlapping compounds, hormonate, thiab lwm yam, yog lawv tus kheej tawg. Thaum raug tshav kub los yog qhib nplaim taws, lawv yooj yim heev rau hlawv los yog decompose thiab tawg. Thaum siv cov tshuaj reagents, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob raug cua sov ncaj qha. Thaum siv cov tshuaj reagents, ceev faj kom tsis txhob muaj cov nplaim taws nyob ib puag ncig.

Kuj tseem muaj chav kawm ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj reagents, uas tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob hnyav thaum raug dej, emissions ntau heev, thiab tuaj yeem tawg. Cov tshuaj reagents xws li hlau hlau, sodium, lithium, calcium, aluminium hydride, calcium carbide thiab lwm yam. Thaum siv cov tshuaj reagents, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sib cuag nrog dej.

Qee cov tshuaj chemical reagents tuaj yeem oxidize muaj zog thaum lawv los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lawv. xws li daj phosphorus; Qee qhov kev sib cuag nrog cov oxidants lossis cua sov, cuam tshuam lossis kev sib txhuam hauv huab cua tuaj yeem ua rau tawg sai lossis tawg. Xws li phosphorous sulfide, liab phosphorous magnesium hmoov, zinc hmoov, txhuas hmoov, puree, smashing hlwb, thiab lwm yam, thaum siv cov tshuaj reagents, nco ntsoov xyuam xim rau qhov kub thiab txias tsis dhau (feem ntau tsis tshaj 30 ℃, nyiam dua ntawm 20 ℃ Hauv qab no) Tsis txhob sib cuag nrog cov oxidants muaj zog.

Cov kws sim uas siv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws kub hnyiab yuav tsum hnav cov khoom tiv thaiv tsim nyog, nyiam dua cov iav tiv thaiv.

2. Cov tshuaj lom chemical reagents

Cov tshuaj chemical reagents muaj tshuaj lom rau tib neeg lub cev, yog li koj yuav tsum zam kom tsis txhob nqus pa ntau thaum siv lawv. Tom qab siv cov tshuaj reagents, ntxuav koj txhais tes, ntsej muag, da dej, thiab hloov koj lub zuag qhia tag nrho. Rau qee qhov nqus tau los yog nqus tau me me, nws tuaj yeem raug tshuaj lom tuag. Tshuaj reagent. Cov neeg uas muaj qhov hnyav (LD50) qis dua 50mg / kg hauv kev sim tshuaj lom neeg yog hu ua cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog heev, xws li potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide thiab lwm yam cyanides, arsenic trioxide thiab qee cov tshuaj arsenic, mercury dichloride thiab qee cov ntsev ntsev, sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester thiab lwm yam. Thaum siv cov tshuaj tsis paub meej, koj yuav tsum nkag siab nws cov LD50. Rau qee qhov kev siv tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj reagents, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem kev kho mob thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thaum cov tshuaj reagents raug lom, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj reagents yuav tsum tau khaws cia los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, thiab qhov kev siv yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis.

3. Corrosive chemical reagents

Txhua yam tshuaj reagents yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom huv si thaum lawv kov ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mucous daim nyias nyias, qhov muag, thiab cov kab mob ua pa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj corrosive heev rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mucous daim nyias nyias, qhov muag, thiab cov kab mob ua pa (xws li kua los yog khoom), xws li : ntau yam Acids thiab bases, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus oxychloride, bromine, phenol, hydrazine, thiab lwm yam. Nws tseem tsim nyog kom tsis txhob kov cov tawv nqaij, mucous daim nyias nyias, qhov muag, thiab cov kab mob ua pa. Ua ntej siv, nco ntsoov nkag siab txog txoj kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev rau kev sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj corrosive chemical reagents. Yog hais tias acid splashes ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ntxuav nws nrog dilute lye thiab hais txog.

4. Muaj zog oxidizing tshuaj reagent

Muaj zog oxidizing tshuaj reagents yog tag nrho cov peroxides los yog oxyacids thiab lawv cov ntsev uas muaj zog oxidizing zog. Xws li: peroxidic acid, ammonium nitrate, poov tshuaj nitrate, perchloric acid thiab nws cov ntsev, bicomplex acid thiab nws cov ntsev, permanganic acid thiab nws cov ntsev, peroxybenzoic acid, peracetic acid, phosphorus pentoxide thiab hais txog. Muaj zog oxidizing chemical reagents tuaj yeem tso cov pa oxygen thiab tawg nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsim nyog, thiab tsim cov khoom tawg nrog cov organic teeb meem xws li magnesium, aluminium, zinc hmoov, sulfur thiab lwm yam combustibles. Qee qhov dej kuj tuaj yeem tawg. Thaum siv cov tshuaj muaj zog oxidizing thaum siv cov tshuaj reagents, qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 30 ° C, qhov cua yuav tsum zoo, thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv ua ke (rhuab) nrog cov organic lossis txo cov tshuaj.

5. Radiochemical reagent

Thaum siv hom tshuaj reagent no, koj yuav tsum tau ntsuas kev tiv thaiv raws li txoj kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.