Txoj Cai Adsorption ntawm Activated Carbon
Apr 02, 2022
Taw qhia ntawm activated carbon
Cov pa roj carbon activated yog cov hmoov dub lossis cov khoom siv carbon granular. Vim tias qhov tsis sib xws ntawm microcrystalline carbon nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated, muaj qhov pores ntawm cross- kev sib txuas, thiab cov qauv carbon yuav raug tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, yog li nws yog ib yam ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas tsis tshua muaj siab thiab loj qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub lim.
Kev tsim cov activated carbon
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated tuaj yeem yog yuav luag tag nrho cov pa roj carbon ntau - cov khoom siv organic, xws li thee, ntoo, txiv hmab txiv ntoo plhaub, txiv maj phaub plhaub, walnut plhaub, apricot plhaub, jujube plhaub, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv carbonaceous no tau hloov mus rau hauv Cov pa roj carbon activated los ntawm pyrolysis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab qee qhov siab hauv qhov cub ua kom sov. Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom cov txheej txheem no, thaj chaw loj heev thiab cov qauv pore complex tau maj mam tsim, thiab li ntawd -hu ua txheej txheem adsorption yog ua nyob rau hauv thiab ntawm cov pores. Qhov loj ntawm cov pores nyob rau hauv lub activated carbon muaj ib tug xaiv adsorption nyhuv ntawm cov adsorbate, uas yog vim macromolecules tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub pores ntawm activated carbon me dua nws cov pores. Cov pa roj carbon activated yog hydrophobic adsorbent ua los ntawm cov pa roj carbon-raws li cov ntaub ntawv raw, uas yog carbonized thiab ua kom kub kub. Cov pa roj carbon activated muaj ntau ntawm micropores thiab muaj thaj chaw loj heev, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov xim thiab tsw, thiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa phem feem ntau thiab qee cov tshuaj inorganic nyob rau hauv cov dej ntws thib ob, suav nrog qee cov hlau hnyav hnyav.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm activated carbon
1) Cov ntsiab lus lim
Lub tshuab lim carbon lim dej yog txheej txheem ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov pa phem nyob rau hauv lub xeev tshem tawm hauv dej, thiab cov teeb meem cuam tshuam uas raug tshem tawm ua rau qhov khoob ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated. Qhov pore loj thiab porosity ntawm lub lim txheej nce nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom siv carbon activated. Ntawd yog, lub coarser qhov loj me me ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated, qhov loj dua qhov chaw uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khib nyiab tshem tawm. Nws yog manifested raws li txhim khu kev pom muaj peev xwm, nce av tuav peev xwm, thiab nce av interception. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov loj dua qhov pores ntawm activated carbon lim txheej, qhov sib sib zog nqus cov khib nyiab hauv dej tuaj yeem thauj mus rau txheej tom ntej ntawm activated carbon lim txheej. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tiv thaiv kom txaus, cov khib nyiab pov tseg tuaj yeem khaws cia ntau dua, ua rau cov txheej lim nruab nrab thiab qis qis dua. Lub interception muaj nuj nqi yog zoo exerted, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov pa phem interception ntawm chav tsev nce.
Hais lus nruj me ntsis, lub peev xwm tuav tau ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated rau cov khoom raug tshem tawm los ntawm thaj chaw uas tau muab los ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated. Thaum tus nqi ntws qis, qhov pom muaj peev xwm ntawm chav tsev feem ntau yog los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated, thiab thaum tus nqi ntws nrawm, lub peev xwm pom tau los ntawm cov nyhuv adsorption ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated. Lub zog adhesion.
2) Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm adsorption
Raws li lub zog sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab cov pa phem molecules thaum lub sij hawm adsorption txheej txheem, adsorption yuav muab faib ua ob pawg: lub cev adsorption thiab tshuaj adsorption (tseem hu ua active adsorption). Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem adsorption, thaum lub zog ntawm activated carbon molecules thiab pollutant molecules yog van der Waals quab yuam (los yog electrostatic attraction), nws yog hu ua lub cev adsorption; Thaum lub zog ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated thiab cov pa phem molecules yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, nws hu ua chemisorption. . Lub zog adsorption ntawm lub cev adsorption feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog lub cev lub zog ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated, thiab tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated. Vim hais tias lub zog ntawm van der Waals tsis muaj zog, nws muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis rau cov qauv ntawm cov pa phem molecules. Lub zog no yog tib yam li lub zog sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub cev, yog li lub cev adsorption tuaj yeem muab piv rau qhov tshwm sim agglomeration. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov pa phem tseem tsis hloov pauv thaum lub cev adsorption.
Vim muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog, nws muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov qauv ntawm cov pa phem molecules, yog li chemisorption tuaj yeem suav tias yog tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov pa phem thiab cov pa roj carbon activated. Chemisorption feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog electron khub sib koom lossis hloov hluav taws xob, tsis yog qhov yooj yim perturbation lossis polarization tsis muaj zog, thiab yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau. Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm physisorption thiab chemisorption yog lub zog uas tsim cov adsorption daim ntawv cog lus.
Cov txheej txheem adsorption yog txheej txheem uas cov pa phem molecules yog adsorbed rau cov khoom nto, thiab lub zog dawb ntawm cov molecules yuav txo qis. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem adsorption yog txheej txheem exothermic, thiab cov cua sov tso tawm yog hu ua adsorption tshav kub ntawm cov pa phem ntawm cov khoom nto. Vim lub zog sib txawv ntawm lub cev adsorption thiab tshuaj adsorption, lawv qhia qee qhov sib txawv ntawm adsorption tshav kub, adsorption tus nqi, adsorption activation zog, adsorption kub, selectivity, adsorption txheej tooj thiab adsorption spectrum.
Activated carbon adsorption technology tau siv nyob rau hauv refining thiab decolorization ntawm kws tshuaj, tshuaj thiab zaub mov industries rau ntau xyoo nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. Nws tau siv rau kev kho dej khib nyiab txij li xyoo 1970s. Kev xyaum ntau lawm qhia tau hais tias cov pa roj carbon activated muaj cov adsorption zoo heev kom taug qab cov pa phem hauv dej, thiab nws muaj cov nyhuv adsorption zoo ntawm cov dej khib nyiab xws li textile printing thiab dyeing, dyeing chemical industry, food processing and organic chemical industry. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, nws muaj lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb los tshem tawm cov organic tebchaw uas sawv cev los ntawm cov ntsuas zoo xws li BOD thiab COD hauv cov dej khib nyiab, xws li cov khoom siv hluavtaws, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, phenols, benzenes, organochlorines, tshuaj tua kab thiab cov khoom siv petrochemical. Yog li ntawd, activated carbon adsorption tau maj mam dhau los ua ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob theem nrab lossis qib siab ntawm cov dej khib nyiab.
Adsorption yog qeeb - cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm ib yam khoom txuas mus rau lwm qhov. Adsorption yog ib qho tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tshuam, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov nro thiab lub zog saum npoo. Muaj ob lub peev xwm tsav tsheb uas ua rau adsorption, ib qho yog kev rov qab los ntawm cov dej hnyav rau cov khoom siv hydrophobic, thiab lwm qhov yog qhov kev nyiam nyiam ntawm cov khib nyiab rau cov kuab tshuaj. Feem ntau ntawm adsorption hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob lub zog no. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw thiab qhov pore qauv ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau nws lub peev xwm adsorption. Thaum xaiv cov pa roj carbon activated, nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sim raws li qhov zoo ntawm cov dej khib nyiab. Rau kev luam ntawv thiab dyeing cov dej khib nyiab, cov pa roj carbon ntau nrog kev hloov pauv qhov pores yuav tsum raug xaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hmoov tshauv tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam. Qhov me me ntawm cov hmoov tshauv, qhov zoo dua qhov adsorption kev ua haujlwm; qhov ze ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov adsorbate molecule yog rau cov pa roj carbon pore txoj kab uas hla, qhov yooj yim dua nws yog adsorbed; Lub adsorbate concentration kuj cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm adsorption ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam concentration ntau, lub peev xwm adsorption nce nrog qhov nce ntawm adsorbate concentration. Tsis tas li ntawd, dej kub thiab pH kuj ua lub luag haujlwm. Lub peev xwm adsorption poob nrog qhov nce ntawm dej kub.
