Txoj kev npaj ntawm ionic kua
Nov 07, 2021
Muaj ntau hom ionic kua. Los ntawm kev hloov pauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cations thiab anions, cov kua ionic sib txawv tuaj yeem tsim thiab ua ke. Nws muaj ob txoj hauv kev yooj yim rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov kua ionic: ncaj qha synthesis thiab ob-kauj ruam synthesis.
Direct synthesis
Cov kua ionic yog synthesized nyob rau hauv ib kauj ruam los ntawm acid-base neutralization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog quaternary amination cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog kev lag luam thiab yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, tsis muaj by-products, thiab cov khoom yog yooj yim rau purify. Ib tug series ntawm tetrafluoroborate ionic kua nrog txawv cations tau synthesized los ntawm cov acid-base neutralization txoj kev xws li Hlrao. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam kua ionic, xws li halogenated 1-alkyl 3-methylimidazole ntsev, halogenated pyridinium ntsev, thiab lwm yam, kuj tuaj yeem npaj tau hauv ib kauj ruam los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv quaternization.
Ob-kauj ruam synthesis
Txoj kev ncaj nraim yog qhov nyuaj kom tau txais lub hom phiaj ionic kua, thiab yuav tsum siv ob-kauj ruam synthesis txoj kev. Muaj ntau daim ntawv thov rau kev npaj cov kua ionic los ntawm txoj kev ob-kauj ruam. Kev npaj ntawm tetrafluoroborate uas nquag siv thiab hexafluorophosphate ionic kua feem ntau yog siv ob kauj ruam. Ua ntej, ib qho halide ntsev uas muaj lub hom phiaj cation yog npaj los ntawm quaternary amination cov tshuaj tiv thaiv; Tom qab ntawd lub hom phiaj anion yog hloov pauv rau halogen ion lossis Lewis acid ntxiv kom tau lub hom phiaj ionic kua. Hauv qib thib ob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thaum siv hlau ntsev MY (feem ntau siv yog AgY), HY lossis NH4Y, Ag ntsev nag lossis amine ntsev, HX roj tau yooj yim tshem tawm, thiab muaj zog proton acid HY ntxiv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau qis-kub stirring tej yam kev mob. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog dej ob peb zaug kom txog thaum nws nruab nrab, cov kua ionic tau muab rho tawm nrog cov kuab tshuaj organic, thiab thaum kawg cov organic hnyav raug tshem tawm hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev kom tau txais cov kua ntshiab ionic. Tshwj xeeb mloog yog them rau qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm pauv X-(halogen) anions nrog lub hom phiaj anion Y, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum ua kom tiav raws li qhov ua tau kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj x. anions tseem nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj ionic kua, vim hais tias cov purity ntawm cov ionic kua yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau nws Cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim ntaub ntawv thiab physico-tshuaj zog yog tseem ceeb heev. Lub synthesis ntawm high-purity binary ionic kua feem ntau yog npaj los ntawm anion txauv siv ion exchange resins nyob rau hauv ib tug ion exchanger. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev sib txuas ncaj qha rau Lewis acid (MY) nrog halide ntsev, [cation][MnXny+l] hom ionic kua tuaj yeem npaj tau. Piv txwv li, kev npaj ntawm chloroaluminate ionic kua siv txoj kev no, raws li tau piav nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm ionic kua. Lub acidity ntawm cov kua ionic tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li xav tau.
